Subdural hemorrhage
Find a doctorA subdural hemorrhage, also known as a subdural hematoma, is a life-threatening medical emergency. This type of brain hemorrhage happens when blood is leaking out of a torn blood vessel and below the space of the brain and skull. This prevents the brain from getting enough oxygen.
Call 911 immediately if you or someone you know has symptoms of a subdural hemorrhage.
What is a subdural hemorrhage?
A subdural hemorrhage is a serious medical condition where blood collects beneath the dura mater, the outermost membrane surrounding the brain.
This accumulation of blood puts pressure on the brain, potentially causing life-threatening consequences. Understanding the signs and symptoms of subdural hematoma and seeking immediate medical attention is crucial for optimal outcomes.
A subdural hemorrhage is commonly caused by a head injury from things such as a fall, car crash or blow to the skull. However, it can happen without warning if you have a blood-thinning condition.
Types of subdural hemorrhages
Subdural hematomas are classified into one of two types: acute or chronic.
- Acute subdural hemorrhage: A rapidly developing brain bleed, often caused by a significant head injury like a car accident or fall. Symptoms typically appear within hours or days after the injury and can be severe, requiring immediate medical intervention.
- Cronic subdural hemorrhage: A slow-growing hematoma, frequently observed in older adults or individuals with risk factors like blood thinners or alcohol abuse. Symptoms may be subtle and progress gradually, making early diagnosis more challenging.
Symptoms of subdural hemorrhage
Subdural hemorrhage symptoms may develop slowly or within hours of an injury and may include:
- Persistent headache that may be more severe than usual
- Confusion
- Weakness or numbness on one side of the body
- Drowsiness
- Speech and comprehension problems
- Dizziness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Seizures
Diagnosing subdural hemorrhage
If you suspect a subdural hemorrhage, your provider will perform a physical examination and order digital imaging tests, including a CT scan or MRI. These tests allow your provider to see clear images of your brain and determine the location and size of your subdural hemorrhage.
Treatment options for subdural hemorrhage
For larger hematomas, your provider will treat it with surgery to drain the blood. This will relieve the pressure on the brain. You may need additional surgery to remove any blood clots.
Smaller subdural hemorrhages are typically treated with medications used to control blood pressure, seizures or headaches.
Subdural hemorrhage complications
Without prompt medical care, large subdural hematomas can lead to death. Other complications include repeated bleeding or a brain herniation.
A brain herniation happens when pressure from a subdural hemorrhage pushes against the brain, causing it to move from its normal position. Brain herniation can lead to death.
Preventing a subdural hemorrhage
Sometimes accidents are unavoidable. However, you can reduce your risk of a subdural hematoma by taking the following measures:
- Wear a helmet when riding a motorcycle or bicycle.
- Use safety equipment when at a job with a high risk of head injury.
- Rest after a head injury or concussion.
- Remove any hazards that could cause a fall in your home.
- Talk to your provider about any precautions about taking blood thinners.
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