Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

RSV, or respiratory syncytial virus, is very common – most people will contract it at some point in their lives, likely before age two. In the U.S., RSV season runs from September through January. Preventive measures, from frequent hand-washing to getting an RSV vaccination if you’re eligible, can help mitigate the spread of this highly contagious virus.

What is RSV?

RSV is a common respiratory virus that infects the lungs and respiratory tract. While it typically causes mild infection and has symptoms similar to the common cold, it can be dangerous for infants, older adults, and people who have high risk due to weakened immune systems (immunocompromised). These vulnerable groups are more likely to develop severe infections that require RSV treatment at a hospital.

How does RSV spread?

Like many viruses, RSV is spread through tiny droplets from coughs and sneezes. It enters the body through the eyes, nose, or mouth. You can catch the virus through direct contact with an infected person, such as when you shake their hand. You might also pick it up from a contaminated object like a doorknob, countertop, or toy – the virus can live for hours on a hard surface.

When is RSV contagious?

RSV is most contagious among adults and children within eight days of infection, and you may be contagious before you even begin to feel sick. Babies and immunocompromised people may continue to spread RSV for up to four weeks – even if they don’t have symptoms.

While you don’t have to quarantine if you suspect you have RSV, staying home when you’re sick ensures you’re keeping other people safer by lessening the spread of infection.

How can you tell if it’s RSV or another respiratory virus?

RSV mimics cold symptoms and shares some symptoms with COVID-19 and flu, so it can be difficult to tell what you’re sick with. Regardless of which illness you’re experiencing, it’s important to avoid being around vulnerable people who are at risk of severe infection. If you need to be out of the house, you may also choose to wear a mask when you’re sick.

If your symptoms persist for more than a week or two or are getting worse, talk to your doctor about getting an RSV test, COVID-19 test, or testing for other illnesses.

Is there a vaccine for RSV?

Preventive RSV vaccines are now being offered to help certain people lower their risk of severe infection during RSV season.

• Pregnant people can receive an RSV vaccination between 32 and 36 weeks.
• Babies 8 months and younger born during or entering their first RSV season can receive a preventive antibody treatment.
• Adults 60 years and older can receive an RSV vaccination.

The RSV antibody treatment is also recommended for children 8-19 months old who have an increased risk of severe infection during their second RSV season.

What is the best RSV treatment?

Medications like antivirals aren’t commonly given to combat RSV. Rest and symptom management are the most recommended RSV treatment.

• Manage fever and pain with over-the-counter fever reducers and pain relievers like acetaminophen.
• Drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration.
• Use a humidifier to keep air moist, which can help lessen coughing and ease congestion.
• Use saline nasal spray or drops to help clear congestion.
• If your child is sick, avoid giving them cold medicine before checking with their doctor as some contain ingredients that aren’t safe for kids.

Get immediate, in-person medical assistance if you or a loved one is experiencing severe RSV symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, a high fever, or blue-tinted lips or nail beds (from decreased oxygen levels).

RSV prevention tips

It’s important to take steps to lessen the spread of infection, especially during RSV season. Consider the following tips to prevent RSV and help keep yourself and your family healthy:

• Wash your hands regularly with warm, soapy water for at least 20 seconds.
• Clean surfaces you touch frequently such as door handles, countertops, and mobile devices.
• Avoid close contact such as shaking hands or kissing.
• Cover your face when you cough or sneeze.
• Avoid touching your face if you haven’t washed your hands.
• Don’t share drinks or utensils.
• Stay home when you’re feeling ill.